{"id":15,"date":"2026-04-29T17:15:09","date_gmt":"2026-04-29T17:15:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/artmost.hr\/wordpress_Z\/?p=15"},"modified":"2026-06-13T11:26:27","modified_gmt":"2026-06-13T11:26:27","slug":"anksioznost-definicija-vrste-uloga-art-terapije","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/artmost.hr\/artmost\/anksioznost-definicija-vrste-uloga-art-terapije\/","title":{"rendered":"Anksioznost: definicija, vrste i uloga art terapije"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u017divot modernog \u010dovjeka u svijetu koji se brzo mijenja postao je sve slo\u017eeniji i ubrzaniji, pa mo\u017eemo re\u0107i da \u017eivimo u dobu anksioznosti i stresa. Ekonomske promjene, ratovi, ubrzani napredak tehnologije, dru\u0161tveni pritisci, neizvjesnost radnog mjesta, brojne \u017eivotne uloge i zatrpanost informacijama stvaraju okru\u017eenje u kojem su stres i nesigurnost svakodnevno prisutni.<\/p>\n

Za razliku od straha, koji je prirodna i adaptivna reakcija na neposrednu opasnost, anksioznost je povezana s o\u010dekivanjem budu\u0107e prijetnje i osje\u0107ajem gubitka kontrole nad neizvjesnim doga\u0111ajima. Dana\u0161nje potro\u0161a\u010dko dru\u0161tvo poti\u010de stalnu utrku, osje\u0107aj stalne ugro\u017eenosti i \u00a0nesigurnosti u vezi s budu\u0107no\u0161\u0107u, nesigurnost radnog mjesta, pretjerivanje u radu te stalno dokazivanje koje se poti\u010de putem medija, dru\u0161tvenih mre\u017ea i cijelog obrazovnog sustava \u0161to dovodi do porasta anksioznosti.<\/p>\n

Anksioznost<\/strong>: definicija, vrste i uloga art terapije<\/strong><\/p>\n

Klju\u010dne rije\u010di:<\/strong> anksioznost, anksiozni poreme\u0107aji, normalna i patolo\u0161ka anksioznost, simptomi anksioznosti, art terapija i anksioznost, regulacija emocija, kreativno izra\u017eavanje u terapiji<\/p>\n

\u0160to je anksioznost?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Prema Dijagnosti\u010dkom i statisti\u010dkom priru\u010dniku za du\u0161evne poreme\u0107aje<\/a> (DSM-5), anksioznost <\/strong>se opisuje kao stanje anticipacije budu\u0107e opasnosti, pra\u0107eno mi\u0161i\u0107nom napeto\u0161\u0107u, poja\u010danom spremno\u0161\u0107u na budu\u0107u opasnost te sklono\u0161\u0107u opreznom ili izbjegavaju\u0107em pona\u0161anju.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong>Razlika izme\u0111u straha i anksioznosti<\/strong><\/p>\n

Anksioznost se razlikuje od straha. Strah je prirodna reakcija na neposrednu opasnost ili prijetnju<\/a> dok se anksioznost odnosi na o\u010dekivanje budu\u0107e prijetnje<\/a>. Strah je kratkotrajna reakcija usmjerena na trenutnu prijetnju dok je anksioznost dugotrajnije emocionalno stanje koje proizlazi iz negativnih o\u010dekivanja o budu\u0107im doga\u0111ajima. Anksioznost je \u010desto generalizirana, rezultiraju\u0107i pretjeranim oprezom<\/a> koji mo\u017ee ometati prilagodbu i u\u010dinkovitu primjenu strategija suo\u010davanja. Anksioznost je slo\u017eeno i neugodno emocionalno stanje obilje\u017eeno tjeskobom, strahom, napeto\u0161\u0107u i nesigurno\u0161\u0107u<\/a>, uz istodobnu aktivaciju autonomnog \u017eiv\u010danog sustava.<\/p>\n

Vrste anksioznosti<\/strong><\/p>\n

Normalna (fiziolo\u0161ka) anksioznost<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kao prirodna reakcija na prijetnju, anksioznost igra klju\u010dnu ulogu u o\u010duvanju integriteta organizma i prilagodbi na potencijalno opasne situacije. Anksioznost je sastavni dio razvoja li\u010dnosti<\/a> i prirodno je iskustvo kroz koje prolazi svaka osoba.<\/p>\n

Postoje dvije vrste anksioznosti: normalna (fiziolo\u0161ka) i patolo\u0161ka anksioznost<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Normalna (fiziolo\u0161ka) anksioznost<\/u> ima adaptivnu ulogu u suo\u010davanju s novim ili potencijalno ugro\u017eavaju\u0107im situacijama. Umjerena razina anksioznosti mo\u017ee biti korisna jer poti\u010de osobu na produktivnije pona\u0161anje, ali je va\u017eno nau\u010diti kako ju kontrolirati. \u010cesto uklju\u010duje simptome poput tjeskobe, zabrinutosti, smanjene socijalne interakcije i pote\u0161ko\u0107a u suo\u010davanju sa stresom<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Patolo\u0161ka anksioznost<\/strong><\/p>\n

Patolo\u0161ka anksioznost<\/u> obilje\u017eena je strahom bez prisustva vanjskog ugro\u017eavaju\u0107eg objekta. Kod anksioznosti objekt je nepoznat<\/a>, traje dugo, kroni\u010dnog je tijeka, dok je u strahu objekt poznat, opasnost dolazi izvana, kratko traje. Karakterizirana je intenzivnim, pretjeranim strahovima koji traju dulje od \u010detiri tjedna<\/a>, a osoba ih ne mo\u017ee kontrolirati \u0161to znatno utje\u010de na svakodnevno funkcioniranje.<\/p>\n

Psiholo\u0161ke i fiziolo\u0161ke posljedice anksioznosti<\/strong><\/p>\n

O\u010dituje se zabrinuto\u0161\u0107u, nesanicom, razdra\u017eljivo\u0161\u0107u i smanjenom otporno\u0161\u0107u na stres<\/a>. Clark i Watson opisuju anksioznost kao stanje obilje\u017eeno negativnim afektom i fiziolo\u0161kom hiperaktivacijom<\/a>. Osobe s izra\u017eenim negativnim afektom imaju tendenciju negativnog do\u017eivljavanja sebe, svoje okoline i budu\u0107ih doga\u0111aja<\/a> te su sklone pesimisti\u010dnim o\u010dekivanjima u me\u0111uljudskim odnosima. Osobe s visokom razinom anksioznosti \u010desto izgledaju uznemireno i napeto zbog u\u010destale fiziolo\u0161ke hiperaktivacije koja odr\u017eava tijelo u stanju pove\u0107ane pripravnosti i poti\u010de stalnu stresnu reakciju<\/a>. Kroni\u010dni stres mo\u017ee uzrokovati disregulaciju imunolo\u0161kog sustava<\/a> te putem epigenetskih mehanizama utjecati na DNK\u00a0 \u0161to se povezuje s razvojem brojnih fizi\u010dkih i psiholo\u0161kih tegoba uklju\u010duju\u0107i arteriosklerozu, dijabetes, tumore, probavne smetnje, fibromialgiju, bol, kroni\u010dan umor, depresiju i anksiozne poreme\u0107aje. Zbog zna\u010dajnog utjecaja anksioznosti na psihi\u010dko i fizi\u010dko zdravlje, klju\u010dno je bolje razumjeti i prepoznati njezine normalne i patolo\u0161ke oblike.<\/p>\n

Art terapija i anksioznost<\/strong><\/p>\n

Osnovna pretpostavka art terapije jest da kreativno izra\u017eavanje mo\u017ee pridonijeti psiholo\u0161kom iscjeljenju i mentalnom blagostanju<\/a>. Razli\u010dite tehnike, poput crtanja, slikanja, kiparstva, kola\u017ea, fotografije i modeliranja gline, koriste se za istra\u017eivanje emocija, razvoj samosvijesti, smanjenje stresa te ja\u010danje samopouzdanja i socijalnih vje\u0161tina<\/a>. Usporedba crte\u017ea nastalih prije i nakon terapije \u010desto ukazuje na smanjenje simptoma anksioznosti i depresije<\/strong><\/a> te pobolj\u0161anje odnosa izme\u0111u djece i njihovih majki. Studije potvr\u0111uju da art terapija<\/strong> smanjuje prosje\u010dnu razinu anksioznosti, osobito kod djece i adolescenata<\/a>. Stru\u010dnjaci za art terapiju, oslanjaju\u0107i se na dugogodi\u0161nju praksu u lije\u010denju anksioznosti, isti\u010du njezinu sposobnost pobolj\u0161anja regulacije emocija i razvoja vje\u0161tina samostrukturiranja<\/a> te pove\u0107anja samosvijesti i refleksivne sposobnosti<\/a>. Prema Haeyenu, van Hoorenu i Hutschemakersu, pacijenti pomo\u0107u art terapije ostvaruju neposredniji i lak\u0161i pristup svojim emocijama u usporedbi s verbalnim pristupima<\/a> \u0161to mo\u017ee doprinijeti smanjenju simptoma anksioznosti. Unato\u010d tome \u0161to se art terapija prepoznaje kao vrijedan oblik podr\u0161ke u tretmanu mentalnih poreme\u0107aja<\/a>, znanstvena istra\u017eivanja o njezinoj u\u010dinkovitosti jo\u0161 uvijek su ograni\u010dena. Rezultati istra\u017eivanja potvr\u0111uju pozitivan u\u010dinak na smanjenje stresa me\u0111u osobama s anksioznim poreme\u0107ajima \u0161to podupire njezinu integraciju u mentalno zdravstvene intervencije. Ove spoznaje nagla\u0161avaju va\u017enost holisti\u010dkog, personaliziranog i inkluzivnog pristupa<\/a> u pru\u017eanju skrbi i podr\u0161ke osobama s anksiozno\u0161\u0107u.<\/p>\n

Iako su u\u010dinci art terapije na ubla\u017eavanje simptoma anksioznosti i depresije<\/a> dobro dokumentirani, nedostatak velikih randomiziranih kontroliranih studija (RCT) ote\u017eava precizno definiranje njezinih mehanizma djelovanja i optimalnih uvjeta primjene. Ve\u0107ina dostupnih istra\u017eivanja ima metodolo\u0161ke nedostatke \u0161to pove\u0107ava rizik od pristranosti i smanjuje kvalitetu rezultata.<\/p>\n

Uloga kreativnog izra\u017eavanja u regulaciji emocija<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tako\u0111er ne postoje specifi\u010dne studije koje istra\u017euju u\u010dinke art terapije na odre\u0111ene anksiozne<\/strong> poreme\u0107aje<\/strong><\/a>, poput generaliziranog anksioznog poreme\u0107aja (GAP), socijalnog anksioznog poreme\u0107aja (SAP) ili pani\u010dnog poreme\u0107aja (PP). Randomizirano kontrolirano ispitivanje (RCT) koje su proveli Ciasca i sur. (2018) pokazalo je da art terapija mo\u017ee pobolj\u0161ati smanjenje simptoma depresije i anksioznosti kod pacijenata sa stabilnim i farmakolo\u0161ki lije\u010denim depresivnim poreme\u0107ajem. Tijekom terapije sudionicima su davani usmeni savjeti kako bi se povezali sa svojim osje\u0107ajima i slikama povezanim s temom<\/a> koja se obra\u0111ivala dok su kori\u0161tene tehnike poput tkanja, kola\u017ea, modeliranja gline, crtanja i slikanja. Regulacija emocija<\/strong> igra klju\u010dnu ulogu u smanjenju anksioznosti putem art terapije<\/a>, pri \u010demu se najve\u0107i pozitivni u\u010dinci o\u010dituju u boljoj emocionalnoj prihva\u0107enosti i razvijanju ciljno usmjerenih strategija suo\u010davanja<\/a>. Jedan od klju\u010dnih medija u ovom procesu je glina koja svojim taktilnim i oblikovnim svojstvima omogu\u0107uje neposredan i intuitivan izraz emocija<\/a>. Ve\u0107 i sam lagani dodir gline poma\u017ee klijentu da ostavi otisak svojih prstiju, postane svjestan vlastite sposobnosti oblikovanja te osjeti utjecaj vlastitog postojanja i prisutnosti u sada\u0161njem trenutku<\/a>. Ovo iskustvo osobito je zna\u010dajno za osobe koje dolaze na terapiju s osje\u0107ajem gubitka, tuge i bespomo\u0107nosti.<\/p>\n

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